Slavery map 1860. (Library of Congress) The Coast Survey map of slavery was one of many maps drawn from data produced in 19th-century America. " Based on the population statistics gathered in the 1860 Census, and certified by the… Maps can help, especially interactive web maps that make it possible to zoom in and out, to represent more than one subject of interest, and to set representations of the past in motion in order to show change over time. Oct. Percentage free and slave for South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Delaware. The paths of migration began from many sources and flowed Map created by the U. The American Civil War began in 1861. (Edwin) Created / Published I have created an interactive map of the spread of slavery in the United States from 1790 to 1860. Map Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States. S. With each county labeled with the exact percentage of people enslaved, the map demanded some closer examination. Also available on web site: online catalogs, secure online ordering, excerpts from new books. Item Information Title: Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States Description: Torn in Two: Based on 1860 census data, this visually striking map plots the percentage of slaves by county for the southern states. Map: Distribution of the slave population southern states of the United States 1860. This item is in the Map Collection of the Library of Virginia; please contact the Library's Archives Research Services department for more information. Leonhardt. " "Sold for the benefit of the sick and wounded of the U. Army"; Engraved by Th. com and FamilySearch and were processed and encoded by IPUMS. As Susan Schulten has shown, this particular map was used by the federal government during the Civil War, and it was a favorite of Abraham Lincoln’s. Lincoln and others followed the liberartion of territory and slaves as the Civil War progressed. The 1860 census was the last time the federal government took a count of the Southern slave population. Engr. IPUMS provides full count datasets of the enslaved population of the United States in 1850 and 1860. Graham Washington, 1861. The American South expanded with a speed and to a size few could have imagined in 1790. After a careful examination of this very interesting map I am prepared to state With each county labeled with the exact percentage of people enslaved, the map demanded some closer examination. I can explain how laws and policy, courts, and individuals and groups contributed to or The 1860 slave schedule was used in the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory and Virginia. In 1860, a United States census counted nearly four million enslaved people living in the country. 0 (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, 2011). The party held its convention in June 1860 and had nominated the editor of the Sentinel, Benjamin F. Despite being against secession, the party was composed mostly of slave-owning planters and conservative democrats. Army's Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. The 13th Amendment, effective December 6, 1865, abolished slavery in the U. The map uses what was then a new technique in statistical cartography: Each county not only displays its slave population numerically, but is shaded (the darker the shading, the higher the number of slaves) to visualize the concentration of slavery across the region. The 1860 slave schedule was used in the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory and Virginia. Leonhardt The NYT has posted an interesting interactive map showing the results of the last slave Census taken in the U. Census data from 1790 to 1860, Lincoln Mullen of George Mason University created a map which shows how many slaves there were in each county in the United States at the time. of the Interior, Washington, Sept. In September of 1861, the U. Map indicates by gray patterns, the percentage of slaves in each county; Includes population table based on census of 1860; "Sold for the benefit of the sick and wounded soldiers of the U. As they discovered, the latter could predict the former. It arose out of disputes over slavery and states’ rights. By 1860, Delaware was almost fully integrated into the Northern economy. Based on data from the 1860 census, this map was the Census Office's first attempt to map population density. What is a Map? A web feature for Maps: Finding Our Place in the World. [29] Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, and his victory prompted declarations of secession by seven slave states of the Deep South. Rather than showing a uniform istribution throughout the entire region, it is readily apparent that there were several major A map of the United States in 1860 showing the states and territory boundaries at the time, and is color–coded to show the slave States and distribution of slaves, the free states, and the territories, all open to slavery under the Compromise o By the conclusion of the trans-Atlantic slave trade at the end of the 19th century, Europeans had enslaved and transported more than 12. In the United States before 1865, a free state was a state in which slavery and the internal or domestic slave trade were prohibited, while a slave state was one in which they were legal. This map was created by the US Coast Guard. Slavery, 1790-1860. Nov 4, 2025 · Map Showing the Distribution of the Slave Population of the Southern States of the United States Compiled from the Census of 1860, engraved by Thomas Leonhardt after a map drawn by Edwin Hergesheimer (Washington: Henry S. The Civil War was fought between abolitionists and the pro-slavery Confederacy, until the Source: Henry S. "Washington, June 13th, 1861. Except in Delaware, Maryland, and eastern Virginia, slavery in the south was only headed in one direction: up. The map indicates the percentage of slaves in each county by varying shades of gray. Using the Jenks breaks, we get a much better map of where slaves lived in 1860. G. The map was made prior to West Virginia's separation from Virginia, and illustrates the relative insignificance of slavery in Virginia's most-western counties and cities. 5 million Africans. state of Mississippi that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on a heritage register, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. The map, which shows county-level data, illustrates how slave ownership varied throughout the South The shading (a new Bloody fighting broke out over slavery in the Kansas Territory. Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States. After a careful examination of this very interesting map I am prepared to state Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States, compiled from the census of 1860. Slavery, 1790–1860 A map of the United States in 1860 showing the states and territory boundaries at the time, and is color–coded to show the slave States and distribution of slaves, the free states, and the territories, all open to slavery under the Compromise o Media in category "Slavery-related maps" The following 36 files are in this category, out of 36 total. . Coast Survey in 1861 using census data from 1860, which depicts the distribution of slavery in Southern counties of the United States. Source: Henry S. When examining maps of politically conservative areas of the South, however, Sen and her colleagues noticed a correlation between these maps and those that showed the estimated proportion of slaves by county in 1860. Maps relating to Virginia, 919 Available also through the Library of Congress web site as raster image. There was quiet sympathy for the Confederacy by some state leaders Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States. The NYT has posted an interesting interactive map showing the results of the last slave Census taken in the U. Tables of free state, slave state, and territory, populations from 1860 census. , in 1860, which I discovered via Jessica Brown and Jim Yocom. " "Census Office, Dept. The Spread of U. Contribute to lmullen/slavery-map development by creating an account on GitHub. Coast Survey map of slavery, showing the Mississippi River and delta. 9th, 1861. After a careful examination of the above very interesting map I am prepared to state that it not only furnishes the evidences of great care in its execution, but can be relied on as corresponding with the official returns of the 8th Census. We can see all of the detail that was in the earlier map: the South’s fertile crescent through Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, George, Alabama, and Mississippi; the Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee river valleys; South Carolina as the state with the In 1861, in an attempt to raise money for sick and wounded soldiers, the Census Office produced and sold a map that showed the population distribution of slaves in the southern United States. May 15, 2014 · Based on the population statistics gathered in the 1860 Census, and certified by the superintendent of the Census Office, the map depicted the percentage of the population enslaved in each Feb 12, 2025 · In 1861, in an attempt to raise money for sick and wounded soldiers, the Census Office produced and sold a map that showed the population distribution of slaves in the southern United States. I have created an interactive map of the spread of slavery in the United States from 1790 to 1860. Shortly afterward, the Civil War began when Confederate forces attacked the U. Incumbent president James Buchanan, a Democrat, did not seek re-election. Coast Survey map calculated the number of slaves in each county in the United States in 1860. In 1860, the United States was divided over the issue of slavery, and four major political parties had nominated candidates in the 1860 presidential election. Sign up for email notification of new releases in your field. Graham, in the Clerk's Office of the District of Columbia. Users can click on any county for the specifics of the particular county. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U. This map was developed by a faculty member at George Mason University. Map of A map of the United States in 1860 showing the states and territory boundaries at the time, and is color–coded to show the slave States and distribution of slaves, the free states, and the territories, all open to slavery under the Compromise of 1850 (under the decision of the Supreme Court and under Southern claims that slavery should exist until status should be fixed by state US Slavery by County 1860 The 1860 US Census was used to create this map of the slave population in the South. It was the map by which Lincoln used to follow Union troops as they liberated slave populations, or understand the seats of rebellion, but had huge power in graphically stigmatizing Southern states. svg”—then the template Vector version available (or Vva) does not need the new image name parameter. [27][28] Both houses of the state General Assembly rejected secession overwhelmingly; the House of Representatives was unanimous. Army. Compiled from the census of 1860 View Enlarged Image [ Copy 1 ] Download: Item Information Title: Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States Description: Torn in Two: Based on 1860 census data, this visually striking map plots the percentage of slaves by county for the southern states. Includes census table for 1860. Rather than showing a uniform istribution throughout the entire region, it is readily apparent that there were several major It is recommended to name the SVG file “United States Slavery Map 1860. Slavery was rare, except in the southern districts of the state; less than two percent of the state's population was enslaved. 1 A detail from the U. The U. A map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states, compiled from the census of 1860. The map, which shows county-level data, illustrates how slave ownership varied throughout the South The shading (a new The bottom map shows the peak number of slaves in each area, along with the year when slavery peaked. The map shows that a vast majority of Virginia's slave population lived east of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Allen, for Congress. 1861 by Henry S. 3 Using Census data available from the NHGIS, the visualization shows the population of slaves, of free African Americans, of all free people, and of the entire United States. This map, made by the U. D. In 1861, the United States Coast Survey issued two maps of slavery based … American Civil War, four-year war (1861–65) fought between the United States and 11 Southern states that seceded to form the Confederate States of America. The Civil War was fought between abolitionists and the pro-slavery Confederacy, until the The map of slavery was one of many thematic maps produced in the nineteenth century United States. A color map from 1857 showing free states, slave states, and the territories. [1][2][3] Using U. " "Entered according to Act of Congress, A. The destruction of the South's labor force was a key war aim of the North. Compiled from the census of 1860 / Drawn by E. Three migrations created the South over the next seventy years: tens of thousands of indigenous peoples driven from ancestral lands, millions of white farmers filling an enormous expanse, and millions of enslaved people moved to raw, new plantations. loc. Swem, E. Of that number, 3,952, 838 were reported as enslaved. Library of Congress, https://www. Coast Survey published a large map, approximately two feet by three feet, titled a "Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States. gov/item/99447026/. [24] The Republican Party ticket of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin emerged victorious. It was also an idealistic statement of the goal of ending slavery in the war effort. This historical map image was uploaded in the JPEG format even though it consists of non-photographic data. Hergesheimer. Census data and shapefiles for these maps comes from Minnesota Population Center, National Historical Geographic Information System, version 2. West Virginia shown as Kanawha. How did the principles of the Declaration of Independence contribute to the quest to end slavery from colonial times to the outbreak of the Civil War? I can interpret primary sources related to Founding principles of liberty, equality, and justice from the colonial era to the outbreak of the Civil War. Slavery, 1790-1860 shows the systematic elimination of slavery during the war, as well as its steady growt… US Slavery by County 1860 The 1860 US Census was used to create this map of the slave population in the South. 1929, source unknown, Map Cataloging Team. by Th. [1] According to the 1860 census, the population of the United States that year was 31,429,891. When antislavery candidate Abraham Lincoln was elected president (1860), the Southern states seceded. It is recommended to name the SVG file “United States Slavery Map 1860. Graham, September 1861). Coast Survey in 1861 using census data from 1860, shows the relative prevalence of slavery in Southern counties that year. When Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 election on a platform of halting the expansion of slavery, slave states seceded to form the Confederacy. Gilmer Civil War Maps Collection Library of Congress Maps of the Past Perry-Castanedda Library Slave Voyage Historical Map & Chart Historical Map Works Newberry Map Collection Old Maps Online Atlas of Historical County Boundaries My Genealogy Hound NY Public Library Osher Map Library Slavery by Another Name The Spread of U. The underlying data were provided by Ancestry. Compiled from the census of 1860 Contributor Names Hergesheimer, E. These states—whose cotton‑based economies depended on enslaved labor—formed the Confederate States after Lincoln's election in November 1860 but before he took office in March 1861. dndl, hjyy, c8ecc, kbmzzs, v2pz, 7kal, xh1dp, qeem, 05bf, liii,